1 Humbert M, Kovacs G, Hoeper MM, et al. 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension[J]. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(38): 3618-3731.
2 任成山, 卞士柱, 胡明冬. 肺动脉高压的成因及治疗新理念[J/CD]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2023, 16(1): 1-5.
3 Chinese national guideline on diagnosis and management of cough(2021)[J]. Chinese J tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 2022, 45(1): 13-46.
4 GaliÈ N, Torbicki A, Barst R, et al. Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The fask force on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension of the european society of cardiology[J]. Eur Heart J, 2004, 25(24): 2243-2278.
5 Mcgoon M, Gutterman D, Steen V, et al. Screening, early detection, and diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines [J]. Chest, 2004, 126(1 Suppl): 14s-34s.
6 Hoeper MM, Humbert M, Souza R, et al. A global view of pulmonary hypertension [J]. Lancet Respir Med, 2016, 4(4): 306-322.
7 Weber L, Rickli H, Haager PK, et al. Haemodynamic mechanisms and long-term prognostic impact of pulmonary hypertension in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing valve replacement [J]. Eur J Heart Fail, 2019, 21(2): 172-181.
8 Nathan SD, Barbera JA, Gaine SP, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease and hypoxia [J]. Eur Respir J, 2019, 53(1): 1801914.
9 Delcroix M, Torbicki A, Gopalan D, et al. ERS statement on chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension [J]. Eur Respir J, 2021, 57(6): 2002828.
10 Kramm T, Wilkens H, Fuge J, et al. Incidence and characteristics of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in Germany [J]. Clin Res Cardiol, 2018, 107(7): 548-553.
11 Leber L, Beaudet A, Muller A. Epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: identification of the most accurate estimates from a systematic literature review [J]. Pulm Circ, 2021, 11(1): 2045894020977300.
12 GaliÈ N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the joint task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the european society of cardiology(ESC)and the european respiratory society(ERS): endorsed by: association for european paediatric and congenital cardiology(AEPC), international society for heart and lung transplantation(ISHLT)[J]. Eur Heart J, 2016, 37(1): 67-119.
13 Kovacs G, Avian A, Foris V, et al. Use of ECG and other simple non-invasive tools to assess pulmonary hypertension [J]. PloS One, 2016, 11(12): e0168706.
14 Rich S, Dantzker DR, Ayres SM, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension.A national prospective study[J]. Ann Internal Med, 1987, 107(2): 216-223.
15 Brecker SJ, Gibbs JS, Fox KM, et al. Comparison of doppler derived haemodynamic variables and simultaneous high fidelity pressure measurements in severe pulmonary hypertension[J]. Br Heart J, 1994, 72(4): 384-389.
16 Rich JD, Thenappan T, Freed B, et al. QTc prolongation is associated with impaired right ventricular function and predicts mortality in pulmonary hypertension[J]. Int J Cardiol, 2013, 167(3): 669-676.
17 Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, Schiebler ML, et al. Imaging of pulmonary hypertension in adults: A position paper from the fleischner society[J]. Radiology, 2021, 298(3): 531-549.
18 Meyer FJ, Ewert R, Hoeper MM, et al. Peripheral airway obstruction in primary pulmonary hypertension[J]. Thorax, 2002, 57(6): 473-476.
19 Mélot C, Naeije R. Pulmonary vascular diseases[J]. Compr Physiol, 2011, 1(2): 593-619.
20 Harbaum L, Fuge J, Kamp JC, et al. Blood carbon dioxide tension and risk in pulmonary arterial hypertension[J]. Int J Cardiol, 2020, 318: 131-137.
21 Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography[J]. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2010, 23(7): 685-713; quiz 86-88.
22 Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the american society of echocardiography and the european association of cardiovascular imaging[J]. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2015, 16(3): 233-270.
23 Galderisi M, Cosyns B, Edvardsen T, et al. Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: An expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging[J]. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2017, 18(12): 1301-1310.
24 Trittmann JK, Almazroue H, Nelin LD, et al. PATET ratio by Doppler echocardiography: noninvasive detection of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension[J]. Pediatr Res, 2022, 92(3): 631-636.
25 Eysmann SB, Palevsky HI, Reichek N, et al. Two-dimensional and Doppler-echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization correlates of survival in primary pulmonary hypertension[J]. Circulation, 1989, 80(2): 353-360.
26 Amsallem M, Sweatt AJ, Aymami MC, et al. Right heart end-systolic remodeling index strongly predicts outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Comparison with validated models[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 2017, 10(6): e005771.
27 Raymond RJ, Hinderliter AL, Willis PW, et al. Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary pulmonary hypertension[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002, 39(7): 1214-1219.
28 Todaro MC, Carerj S, Zito C, et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular-arterial coupling in pulmonary hypertension[J]. Am J Cardiovasc Dis, 2020, 10(4): 272-283.
29 Abbas AE, Fortuin FD, Schiller NB, et al. A simple method for noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003, 41(6): 1021-1027.
30 Lindow T, Manouras A, Lindqvist P, et al. Echocardiographic estimation of pulmonary artery wedge pressure-invasive derivation, validation, and prognostic association beyond diastolic dysfunction grading[J]. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2023, 25(4): 498-509.
31 Boxt LM. MR imaging of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction[J]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 1996, 4(2): 307-325.
32 Swift AJ, Rajaram S, Hurdman J, et al. Noninvasive estimation of PA pressure, flow, and resistance with CMR imaging: derivation and prospective validation study from the ASPIRE registry[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2013, 6(10): 1036-1047.
33 Di Guglielmo L, Dore R, Vespro V. Pulmonary hypertension: role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Ital Heart J, 2005, 6(10): 846-851.
34 Elgeti T, Lembcke A, Enzweiler CN, et al. Comparison of electron beam computed tomography with magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of right ventricular volumes and function[J]. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2004, 28(5): 679-685.
35 Van Wolferen SA, Marcus JT, Boonstra A, et al. Prognostic value of right ventricular mass, volume, and function in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension[J]. Eur Heart J, 2007, 28(10): 1250-1257.
36 Mehra MR, Canter CE, Hannan MM, et al. The 2016 international society for heart lung transplantation listing criteria for heart transplantation: A 10-year update[J]. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2016, 35(1): 1-23.
37 Hoeper MM, Lee SH, Voswinckel R, et al. Complications of right heart catheterization procedures in patients with pulmonary hypertension in experienced centers[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006, 48(12): 2546-2552.
38 Kim NH, Delcroix M, Jais X, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Eur Respir J, 2019, 53(1): 1801915.
39 Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society(ERS)[J]. Eur Heart J, 2020, 41(4): 543-603.
40 He J, Fang W, Lv B, et al. Diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: comparison of ventilation/perfusion scanning and multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography with pulmonary angiography[J]. Nucl Med Commun, 2012, 33(5): 459-463.
41 Tunariu N, Gibbs SJ, Win Z, et al. Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive than multidetector CTPA in detecting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease as a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension[J]. J Nucl Med, 2007, 48(5): 680-684.
42 Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, Schiebler ML, et al. Imaging of pulmonary hypertension in adults: a position paper from the Fleischner Society[J]. Eur Respir J, 2021, 57(1): 2004455.
43 Swift AJ, Dwivedi K, Johns C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of CT pulmonary angiography in suspected pulmonary hypertension[J]. Eur Radiol, 2020, 30(9): 4918-4929.
44 Hinrichs JB, Marquardt S, Von Falck C, et al. Comparison of C-arm computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2016, 39(1): 53-63.
45 Badesch DB, Champion HC, Gomez Sanchez MA, et al. Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009, 54(1 Suppl): S55-s66.
46 代 芬, 卞士柱. 无创机械通气联合肺康复在肺动脉高压呼吸衰竭治疗中的临床应用[J/CD]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2023, 16(4): 560-562.
47 Singh R, Nie RZ, Homayounieh F, et al. Quantitative lobar pulmonary perfusion assessment on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography: applications in pulmonary embolism[J]. Eur Radiol, 2020, 30(5): 2535-2542.
48 Vlahos I, Jacobsen MC, Godoy MC, et al. Dual-energy CT in pulmonary vascular disease[J]. Br J Radiol, 2022, 95(1129): 20210699.
49 D'alonzo GE, Barst RJ, Ayres SM, et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry [J]. Ann Intern Med, 1991, 115(5): 343-349.
50 Weatherald J, Boucly A, Chemla D, et al. Prognostic value of follow-up hemodynamic variables after initial management in pulmonary arterial hypertension[J]. Circulation, 2018, 137(7): 693-704.
51 Kusunose K, Hirata Y, Tsuji T, et al. Deep learning to predict elevated pulmonary artery pressure in patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension using standard chest X ray[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 19311.
52 Rahaghi FN, Nardelli P, Harder E, et al. Quantification of arterial and venous morphologic markers in pulmonary arterial hypertension using CT imaging[J]. Chest, 2021, 160(6): 2220-2231.